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A digital manual for the early diagnosis of oral neoplasia

Toluidine blue staining  Search in Medline for Toluidine blue staining



Toluidine blue (TB) staining is an adjunct and not a substitute to visual examination. TB staining has been shown to aid in the detection and diagnosis of oral precancers and cancers. TB staining provides better demarcation of malignant/dysplastic areas, so as to identify the site for biopsy  Epstein JB, Sciubba J, Silverman S Jr and Sroussi HY. (2007). Utility of toluidine blue in oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma: continuing research and implications for clinical practice, Head Neck, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 948-958. Onofre MA, Sposto MR and Navarro CM (2001). Reliability of toluidine blue application in the detection of oral epithelial dysplasia and in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas, Oral Surg.Oral Med.Oral Pathol.Oral Radiol.Endod., vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 535-540.. TB staining has been shown to identify lesions with molecular changes associated with increased risk of progression of oral precancer to oral cancer  Epstein JB, Sciubba J, Silverman S Jr and Sroussi HY. (2007). Utility of toluidine blue in oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma: continuing research and implications for clinical practice, Head Neck, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 948-958..
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