Atlas of visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid for screening, triage, and assessment for treatment / Activity 1

During pregnancy, the cervix is enlarged, soft, and congested. Because of the high levels of estrogen, there is hypertrophy of the cervical stroma, leading to enlargement of the cervix. This leads to eversion of the hypertrophied columnar epithelium onto the ectocervix (ectropion). Depending on the gestational age, the SCJ lies at a variable distance from the external os. The secretion of mucin by the columnar epithelium increases, resulting in copious mucus production and often leading to the formation of a thick mucus plug.

The cervical stroma may undergo focal decidual changes in response to the hormones released during pregnancy. The hypertrophied columnar crypts due to the decidual reactions appear as polypoid protrusions (pseudopolyps or decidual polyps) on the cervix.

The next section discusses the atrophic changes of the cervix that usually occur after menopause.