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Home / Online screening material / A digital manual for the early diagnosis of oral neoplasia / TNM classification of carcinomas of the oral cavity
 TNM classification of carcinomas of the oral cavity
T — Primary tumour 1,2
| TNM |
FIGO |
| TX |
Primary tumour cannot be assessed |
| T0 |
No evidence of primary tumour |
| Tis |
Carcinoma in situ |
| T1 |
Tumour 2 cm or less in greatest dimension |
| T2 |
Tumour more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension |
| T3 |
Tumour more than 4 cm in greatest dimension |
| T4a (lip) |
Tumour invades through cortical bone, inferior alveolar nerve, floor
of mouth, or skin (chin or nose) |
| T4a (oral cavity) |
Tumour invades through cortical bone, into deep/extrinsic muscle
of tongue (genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, and styloglossus),
maxillary sinus, or skin of face |
| T4b (lip and oral cavity) |
Tumour invades masticator space, pterygoid plates, or skull base;
or encases internal carotid artery |
Note: Superficial erosion alone of bone/tooth socket by gingival primary is
not sufficient to classify a tumour as T4.
N - Regional Lymph Nodes##
| NX |
Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
|
| N0 |
No regional lymph node metastasis
|
| N1 |
Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension
|
| N2 |
Metastasis as specified in N2a, 2b, 2c below
|
| N2a |
Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension
|
| N2b |
Metastasis in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension
|
| N2c |
Metastasis in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension
|
| N3 |
Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension
|
Note: Midline nodes are considered ipsilateral nodes.
M – Distant metastasis
| MX |
Distant metastasis cannot be assessed
|
| M0 |
No distant metastasis
|
| M1 |
Distant metastasis
|
Stage grouping
| Stage 0 |
Tis |
N0 |
M0 |
| Stage I |
T1 |
N0 |
M0 |
| Stage II |
T2 |
N0 |
M0 |
| Stage III |
T1, T2 |
N1 |
M0 |
|
T3 |
N0, N1 |
M0 |
| Stage IVA |
T1, T2, T3 |
N2 |
M0 |
|
T4a |
N0, N1, N2 |
M0 |
| Stage IVB |
Any T |
N3 |
M0 |
|
T4b |
Any N |
M0 |
| Stage IVC |
Any T |
Any N |
M1 |
## The regional lymph nodes are the cervical nodes.
1 {947,2418}
2 A help desk for specific questions about the TNM classification is available at www.uicc.org/index.php?id=508.
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